Jump to content

Kangaroo Route

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A Qantas Boeing 787-9 among British Airways aircraft at Heathrow Airport

The Kangaroo Route is a term coined by Qantas, referring to the commercial passenger air routes flown between Australia and the United Kingdom via the Eastern Hemisphere.[1]

The route has been operated since 1934,[2] but found its name in 1944 from the unique mode of travel of the kangaroo, as the route's "hops" were reminiscent of a kangaroo's, and both are used to cover long distances.[3] The term is trademarked and traditionally used by Qantas,[4] although it is often used in the media and by airline competitors to describe all Australia to United Kingdom flights.

In addition to Qantas, by 2003, over 20 airlines operated routes connecting Australia and the UK, including British Airways, Cathay Pacific, Emirates, Etihad, Malaysia Airlines, Qatar Airways, Singapore Airlines, Thai Airways and Turkish Airlines[5] with most involving a single transfer between flights at their respective hubs. Only British Airways and Qantas offer through direct flights (not requiring passengers to change plane en route), both making a fuel stop at Singapore Changi Airport as of 2024.

Qantas commenced operating non-stop flights from Perth to London with Boeing 787s on 25 March 2018. This ended the era of the continents of Europe and Oceania not being connected by non-stop flights, marking the first time that all of the world's continents, excluding Antarctica, are connected by non-stop flights.[6][7]

Origins of the name

[edit]
Qantas Logo for its "Kangaroo Service", used from 1944-1947[8]

Qantas operated the Australian part of the Kangaroo Route for nine years before coining (and later trademarking) the name.

After starting airmail operations between Brisbane and Singapore in 1934,[9] Qantas began operating passenger flights connecting Brisbane to Singapore in 1935 following successful awarding of the Australian government's tender.[10][11]

After disruption to the route due to the emerging hostilities of World War II, the connectivity was famously restored by Qantas with its "Double Sunrise" service connectivity between Perth and Ceylon on the Indian Ocean Route with Catalina flying boats in 1943.[12] With the addition of the land based Liberator aircraft to the route in 1944, the "Indian Ocean Route" was officially renamed "The Kangaroo Service"[13][9][14][15] by Qantas' Managing Director Hudson Fysh and pilot Bill Crowther; a play on words of the aviation term "hop" (referring to a leg of a route), and the hop of a kangaroo, an Australian icon.[16]

Along with the newly created Qantas logo of the flying kangaroo, the terms "Kangaroo Service" and "Kangaroo Route"[17][18][19][20] were trademarked by Qantas and became the airline's branded term to describe Qantas' Australia-United Kingdom connectivity.[21][22]

A significant milestone in 1947 when Qantas began operating the entire Kangaroo Route independently.  This April 1947 inauguration is referred to as the birth date of the Kangaroo Route by Qantas, even though it had been operating a part of that route for almost a decade.[23]

History

[edit]
Advertisement for the Qantas Singapore service using the De Havilland 86

Early years (1935–1940)

[edit]
A QEA De Havilland 86 at Mt. Isa, operating the Kangaroo Route circa 1937.
A QEA De Havilland 86 at Mt. Isa, operating the Kangaroo Route circa 1937.
The QEA Short S23 Empire Flying Boat "Cooee", which inaugurated Qantas' seaplane-operated Kangaroo Route service to Singapore on July 5, 1938.[24]

In 1935 Qantas started flying passengers to Singapore in a De Havilland 86 to connect with London-bound Imperial Airways. London to Brisbane service commenced on 13 April 1935. Imperial Airways and Qantas Empire Airways opened the 12,754-mile (20,526 km) London to Brisbane route for passengers for a single fare £195 (equivalent to $42,700 in 2022). There were no through bookings on the first service because of heavy sector bookings, but there were two through passengers on the next flight that left London on 20 April. The route opened for passengers from Brisbane to London on 17 April; flights were weekly and the journey time was 121⁄2 days.[25][26]

Eastbound passengers from London would first fly from Croydon to Paris, take an overnight train to Brindisi, and fly onward with stops at Athens, Alexandria (overnight), Gaza, Baghdad (overnight), Basra, Kuwait, Bahrain, Sharjah (overnight), Gwadar, Karachi, Jodhpur (overnight), Delhi, Cawnpore, Allahabad, Calcutta (overnight), Akyab, Rangoon, Bangkok (overnight), Alor Star, Singapore (overnight), Batavia, Sourabaya, Rambang (overnight), Koepang, Darwin (overnight), Longreach (overnight), and Charleville.[27] London-Karachi was operated by Imperial Airways, Karachi-Singapore jointly by Imperial and Indian Trans-Continental Airways, and Singapore-Brisbane by Qantas.[28]

Wartime modified operations (1940–1946)

[edit]

Impediment and interruption due to WWII (June 1940 – Feb 1942)

[edit]

On June 11, 1940, Italy entered WWII and the Kangaroo Route connection across the Mediterranean Sea from Egypt was severed with the resulting loss of all access to commercial air routes.[29][30] While direct passenger air connectivity was lost, previous contingency plans were put into action, utilising the structure of the "Horseshoe Route" that connected Australia and England for passengers and airmail via Durban, South Africa where passengers would connect to steamboat service.[31][32] This service was swiftly started just 8 days later with the first flight leaving Australia on June 19, 1940[33] and continuing its operation, modifying as necessary until its final reserve route ("Reserve Route 3") via Broome was lost on February 15, 1942 with the fall of Singapore.[34]

Plans for restoration of the connectivity were started in early 1943, resulting in the ideation, equipping, and successful testing of what would become the Double Sunrise service.[30] Earlier in 1939 an alternative route via the Indian Ocean was proposed and designed by the Australian Government for potential use in case of emergency.[35] The designed route was Port Hedland - Batavia - Christmas Island - Cocos Island - Diego Garcia - The Seychelles - Mombasa.[30][32] This route was surveyed and tested in June 1939 but would ultimately not be used, in part as Batavia had already fallen in March 1942 in the Battle of Java (1942).[36][30]

Innovation and resumption via "The Double Sunrise" (July 1943 – July 1945)

[edit]
The QEA Catalina G-AGFL "Altair Star" flying along the coast of Ceylon at the conclusion of a 'Double Sunrise' flight from Australia which operated from July 1943-July 1945.
The QEA Catalina G-AGFL "Altair Star" flying along the coast of Ceylon at the conclusion of a 'Double Sunrise' flight from Australia which operated from July 1943-July 1945.
See also: The Double Sunrise

On July 29, 1943, Qantas resumed the kangaroo route's modified operation, using a fleet of 5 Consolidated PBY Catalina aircraft to cross the Indian ocean nonstop. The planned route was for flights between Crawley, Western Australia, and RAF Base Koggala in southern Ceylon. Designed to exploit the Catalina's extreme flight range, the flights became the longest non-stop commercial air route, covering over 3,500 nautical miles (6,500 kilometres; 4,000 miles) across the Indian Ocean. Navigated without the aid of radio, the crews relied solely on rudimentary navigation by compass and stars during the trip. Taking between 27 and 33 hours, with departure timed so that the flight crossed Japanese occupied territory during darkness, the crew and passengers would observe the sunrise twice, which led to the service being known as "The Double Sunrise".[37] The Double Sunrise flights remain the longest (in terms of airtime) commercial flights in history.

Initially, passengers and mail were then transferred via ground transport from Galle to Karachi connecting with BOAC service onwards to London. In November 1943, this was replaced by adding an additional hop to the kangaroo route operated by the Qantas Catalinas up the Indian coast to Karangi Creek in Karachi.[37]

The first QEA Liberator G-AGKT refuelling at Learmonth Airport prior to departing for Colombo in 1945. This was the first plane to have the new Qantas Kangaroo logo applied to it (below cockpit window).[38]

In June 1944, Qantas augmented the Kangaroo Route's Catalina service with an additional route operated by converted Consolidated Liberator bombers. The Liberators flew from Perth to Learmonth before flying a shorter 3,077 mi (4,952 km) over-water route to an airfield northeast of Colombo, but they could make the journey in 17 hours with 5,500 pounds (2,500 kg) of payload, whereas the Catalinas usually required at least 27 hours and their payload was limited to only 1,000 pounds (450 kg). This route was named 'The Kangaroo Service' and was the genesis for the Kangaroo Route's naming. It also marked the first time that Qantas's now-famous Kangaroo logo was used; passengers received a certificate proclaiming them as members of The Order of the Longest Hop.[39]

In June 1945, Avro Lancastrians were introduced on the England–Australia service, and the Liberators and Catalinas were soon shifted to other Qantas routes. The Catalina operated Double Sunrise service ended on 18 July 1945.[40]

Route normalization - Western legs (May 1945)
[edit]

On May 30, 1945 - following the end of the war in the European Theatre, Lancastrian operated flights by BOAC resumed from Hurn Airport in southern England, connecting in Karachi to Qantas' operated service which flew via Karachi - Minneriya (Ceylon) - Learmonth to Sydney.[41][30] Covering the Kangaroo Route in a scheduled time of 70 hours.[42]

Route normalization - Eastern legs (April 1946)
[edit]

On April 7, 1946 - Qantas ended its Indian Ocean Service, and reverted the Kangaroo Route back via Darwin and Singapore.[43] For the first time flying directly from Sydney to Darwin to Singapore, eliminating all previous domestic Australian stops.[44] BOAC and Qantas service combined to operate the Kangaroo Route from Sydney to London time in a new record of 63 hours.[45]

Multiple stops (1947–1974)

[edit]
The Qantas Super Constellation "Southern Mist" landing at Heathrow Airport in 1955 after operating the Kangaroo route in 9 hops.
A Qantas Boeing 707 behind a De Havilland Comet of British Overseas Airways Corporation at Heathrow in 1963

In 1947, Qantas took over complete operation of the route from Australia to The United Kingdom utilizing their new Lockheed Constellations. BOAC would continue to run its own service in parallel. Qantas first flew the Kangaroo Route on 1 December 1947. A Lockheed Constellation carried 29 passengers and 11 crew from Sydney to London with stops in Darwin, Singapore, Calcutta, Karachi, Cairo, and Tripoli (passengers stayed overnight in Singapore and Cairo).[46] A return fare was £585 (equivalent to $89,400 in 2022), equivalent to 130 weeks average pay.[47]

In the 1950s and 1960s some Qantas Kangaroo Routes featured other stops, including Frankfurt, Zürich, Rome, Athens, Beirut, Tehran, Bombay, and Colombo.[48][49] In May 1958 the Kangaroo Route had 11 westward flights a week: four Qantas Super Constellations, four BOAC Britannias, and one Air India Super Constellation from Sydney to London, one KLM Super Constellation Sydney to Amsterdam, and one TAI Douglas DC-6B Auckland to Paris. In February 1959 Qantas' fastest Super Constellation took 63 hr 45 min Sydney to Heathrow and BOAC's Britannia took 49 hr 25 min. Jet flights (Qantas with Boeing 707) started in 1959; in April 1960 the fastest trip from Sydney to London was 34 hr 30 min with eight stops.

In the late 1950s, Qantas had a round-the-world network, flying Australia to Europe westward on the Kangaroo Route and eastward on the Southern Cross Route (via the Pacific Ocean).[1] In 1964 Qantas started a third route to London via Tahiti, Mexico, and the Caribbean, called the Fiesta Route.[50] Qantas dropped its Southern Cross Route and Fiesta Route in 1975. By 1969, Qantas had 11 Kangaroo Route flights a week from Sydney to London, taking 29–32 hours with 5–6 stops each; BOAC's 7-9 weekly flights previously had 7 stops.

In 1971 Qantas added Boeing 747s, reducing the travel time and number of stops (in the late 1970s flights typically stopped at Singapore and Bahrain). Fares fell, opening air travel to more people with more competition.

One-stop flights (1974–2018)

[edit]
A Qantas Boeing 747-400 over London
A Qantas Airbus A380 at Heathrow

In April 1974 Qantas commenced operating a one stop service from Perth to London with only one stop in Bombay with Boeing 707s.[51][52]

In 1989 Qantas set a world distance record for commercial jets when a Boeing 747-400, the City of Canberra (VH-OJA), flew non-stop from London to Sydney in just over 20 hours (with special fuel[53] and without passengers or cargo). This was the only nonstop flight ever made between both cities for the next 3 decades.[54]

Starting in January 2009, Qantas began utilising its new A380 aircraft on the Kangaroo Route, raising its capacity to 450 passengers per flight.[55]

As part of a partnership approved in 2013 with Emirates, Qantas announced that its services to London would stop in Dubai rather than Singapore, beginning that same year.[56] Qantas also announced that its services to Frankfurt via Singapore would be discontinued in April 2013, leaving London as its only European destination.[57]

Following years of low demand on the Sydney-Dubai route, Qantas announced in 2017 that its flights between Sydney and London would be reverting to a Singapore stop instead of Dubai from 25 March 2018.[58][59]

Non-stop flights (2018– )

[edit]
Qantas selected the A350-1000 for non-stop flights

Non-stop flights from Perth to London commenced in March 2018 with Boeing 787s,[60] with the Kangaroo route becoming a non-stop route for the first time, while also connecting Australia and Europe via a non-stop route for the first time. These flights operate out of Perth's Terminal 3 rather than the traditional T1 in order to facilitate seamless transfers from Qantas domestic flights. The route also opens up the possibility of further direct flights to Europe from Perth such as Rome (launched June 2022)[61] and Paris (launched July 2024).[62]

In late March 2020, prior to Qantas cutting all international services due to the COVID-19 pandemic, several repatriation flights were operated with a routing of Sydney-Darwin-London.[63] The Singaporean government had banned transit passengers and airspace in the Middle East was closed, due to the pandemic. This was the first time an Airbus A380 flew nonstop between Australia and Europe.[64]

In November 2021, Qantas resumed non-stop Kangaroo Route flights, this time from Darwin to London[65] before resuming the non-stop route between Perth and London in May 2022 following the reopening of Western Australia for international travel.[66]

Qantas' evolution of the Kangaroo Route

[edit]

Since its founding in 1935, Qantas has evolved the Kangaroo Route over time in terms of "hops" (routings), duration, and aircraft used. Illustrated in the below table are snapshots of that ongoing evolution over the years.

Year Number of stops Total durationnote Route (From-via-To) Aircraft and operator Passengers
1935 38[67][68][69] 12.5 days[67][70][71][72][73] Brisbane
Stops 1-17 operated by Qantas Empire Airways
  • 1. Roma
  • 2. Charleville
  • 3. Blackall
  • 4. Longreach
  • 5. Winton
  • 6. Cloncurry
  • 7. Mt. Isa
  • 8. Camooweal
  • 9. Brunette Downs
  • 10. Newcastle Waters
  • 11. Daly Waters
  • 12. Darwin
  • 13. Koepang (Kupang, Indonesia)
  • 14. Rambang (Lombok, Indonesia)
  • 15. Sourabaya (Surabaya, Indonesia)
  • 16. Batavia (Jakarta, Indonesia)
  • 17. Singapore
Stops 18-27 operated by Indian Trans-Continental Airways
  • 18. Alor Setar, Kedah (Malaysia)
  • 19. Bangkok
  • 20. Rangoon (Yangon)
  • 21. Akyab (Sittwe)
  • 22. Calcutta (Kolkata)
  • 23. Allahabad
  • 24. Cawnpore (Kanpur)
  • 25. Delhi
  • 26. Jodhpur
  • 27. Karachi
Stops 28-38 operated by Imperial Airways
  • 28. Gwadar
  • 29. Sharjah (Sharjah, UAE)
  • 30. Bahrain
  • 31. Basra
  • 32. Baghdad
  • 33. Gaza, Palestine (Tel Aviv, Israel)
  • 34. Alexandria
  • 35. Mirabello
  • 36. Athens
  • 37. Brindisi
  • 38. Paris via Train

Croydon (then train to London)

De Havilland 86 (Qantas Empire Airways)[74][75]
Armstrong Whitworth Atalanta (Indian Trans-continental Airways)
Handley Page H.P.42 "Hannibal" (Imperial Airways)
Handley Page H.P.45 "Heracles" (Imperial Airways)[76]
 9[74]
1937 41[73][68] 12.5 days[77] Brisbane
Stops 1-18 operated by Qantas Empire Airways
  • 1. Roma
  • 2. Charleville
  • 3. Blackall
  • 4. Longreach
  • 5. Winton
  • 6. Cloncurry
  • 7. Mt. Isa
  • 8. Camooweal
  • 9. Avon Downs
  • 10. Newcastle Waters
  • 11. Daly Waters
  • 12. Katherine
  • 13. Darwin
  • 14. Koepang (Kupang, Indonesia)
  • 15. Rambang (Lombok, Indonesia)
  • 16. Sourabaya (Surabaya, Indonesia)
  • 17. Batavia (Jakarta, Indonesia)
  • 18. Singapore
Stops 19-28 operated by Indian Trans-Continental Airways
  • 19. Penang
  • 20. Bangkok
  • 21. Rangoon (Yangon)
  • 22. Akyab (Sittwe)
  • 23. Calcutta (Kolkata)
  • 24. Allahabad
  • 25. Cawnpore (Kanpur)
  • 26. Delhi
  • 27. Jodhpur
  • 28. Karachi
Stops 29-41 operated by Imperial Airways
  • 29. Gwadar
  • 30. Sharjah (Sharjah, UAE)
  • 31. Bahrain
  • 32. Kuwait
  • 33. Basra
  • 34. Baghdad
  • 35. Gaza, Palestine (Tel Aviv, Israel)
  • 36. Alexandria
  • 37. Athens
  • 38. Brindisi
  • 39. Rome
  • 40. Marseilles
  • 41. Macon

Southampton, England (then train to London)

De Havilland 86 (Qantas Empire Airways)
Armstrong Whitworth Atalanta (Indian Trans-continental Airways)
Handley Page H.P.42 "Hannibal" (Imperial Airways)
Handley Page H.P.45 "Heracles" (Imperial Airways)
 9
1938 35[78][79] 9 days 20 hours[78] Sydney
Stops 1-12 operated by Qantas Empire Airways
  • 1. Brisbane
  • 2. Gladstone
  • 3. Townsville
  • 4. Karumba
  • 5. Groote Eylandt
  • 6. Darwin
  • 7. Koepang (Kupang, Indonesia)
  • 8. Bima (Bima, Indonesia)
  • 9. Sourabaya (Surabaya, Indonesia)
  • 10. Batavia (Jakarta, Indonesia)
  • 11. Klabat Bay (Belinyu, Indonesia)
  • 12. Singapore
Stops 13-35 operated by Imperial Airways
  • 13. Penang
  • 14. Koh Samui
  • 15. Bangkok
  • 16. Rangoon (Yangon)
  • 17. Akyab (Sittwe)
  • 18. Calcutta (Kolkata)
  • 19. Allahabad
  • 20. Gwalior
  • 21. Rajsamand
  • 22. Karachi
  • 23. Gwadar
  • 24. Dubai (Dubai, UAE)
  • 25. Bahrain
  • 26. Basra
  • 27. Habbaniyeh
  • 28. Tiberias, Palestine (Tiberias, Israel)
  • 29. Alexandria
  • 30. Mirabello
  • 31. Athens
  • 32. Brindisi
  • 33. Rome
  • 34. Marseilles
  • 35. St. Nazaire

Southampton, England (then train to London)

15[80][82]
1947 6[83][79][84] 3 days 20 hours[83][85] Sydney
  1. Darwin
  2. Singapore
  3. Calcutta (Kolkata)
  4. Karachi
  5. Cairo
  6. Tripoli

London

Lockheed Constellation[83][86] 29[79]
1955 8[87] 3 days 6 hours[87] Sydney
  1. Darwin
  2. Jakarta
  3. Singapore
  4. Bangkok
  5. Calcutta (Kolkata)
  6. Karachi
  7. Cairo
  8. Rome

London

Lockheed L-1049 Super Constellation 57[88][89]
1959 8[90] 38 hours[90] Sydney
  1. Darwin
  2. Singapore
  3. Bangkok
  4. Calcutta (Kolkata)
  5. Karachi
  6. Bahrain
  7. Cairo
  8. Rome

London

Boeing 707-138 120[79][89]
1965 5[91] 30 hours[91] Sydney
  1. Singapore
  2. Calcutta (Kolkata)
  3. Karachi
  4. Cairo
  5. Rome

London

Boeing 707-320 220[88]
1971 2[92] 26 hours[93] Sydney
  1. Singapore
  2. Bahrain

London

Boeing 747-200B 356[94][95]
1977 1[92] 23 hours[79] Perth
  1. Bombay (Mumbai)

London

Boeing 747-200B[96] 436[97]
1990 1[98] 24 hours[88] Sydney
  1. Singapore

London

Boeing 747-400 412[99]
2013 1[100] 23 hours 30 min[101] Sydney
  1. Dubai (aka ˈThe Falcon Routeˈ)[102]

London

Airbus A380-800[101] 484[103][88]
2018 0 17 hours 20 min[104] Perth

London

Boeing 787-9 236[105]
2026[106] 0[107] 20 hours (estimated)[108] Sydney

London

Airbus A350-1000 238[109]

Note: ^ Duration is total elapsed travel time westbound (including stops)

Competing one-stop flights

[edit]

While "The Kangaroo Route™ " is a trademarked term belonging to Qantas,[4] it is often genericized by the media, other operators, and even Qantas themselves to refer to all flights between Australia and the United Kingdom.

Today Qantas remains the sole operator of "The Kangaroo Route" as well as the only nonstop flight between Australia and the United Kingdom. British Airways continues to operate its legacy route it has served since 1935 when it was Imperial Airways,[110] offering the only other direct flight from Australia to the United Kingdom.

Forming a competitive market, there are over 20 airlines operating competing one-stop flights from Australia to the United Kingdom via the Eastern Hemisphere as seen in the table below:

Competing one-stop Australia-United Kingdom flights[111](sorted by transiting country)
Australia Origin Airline Transit United Kingdom Destination
Melbourne, Sydney Air China[112] China Beijing–Capital Gatwick, Heathrow
Melbourne [note 1], Sydney [note 2] China Southern[115][116] China Beijing–Daxing Heathrow
Adelaide [note 3], Brisbane, Melbourne, Perth [note 4], Sydney China Guangzhou Gatwick,[119] Heathrow
Sydney Tianjin Airlines[120][121] China Chongqing Heathrow
Melbourne, Sydney Beijing Capital Airlines[122] China Qingdao Heathrow
Brisbane, Melbourne, Perth [note 5], Sydney China Eastern[124] China Shanghai–Pudong Gatwick, Heathrow
Melbourne [note 6], Sydney [note 7] Juneyao Air[127] Manchester
Adelaide [note 8], Brisbane, Cairns [note 9], Melbourne, Perth, Sydney Cathay Pacific[128] Hong Kong Hong Kong Heathrow + Manchester
Melbourne Air India[129][130][131] India Mumbai Heathrow
Melbourne, Sydney India New Delhi Heathrow + Birmingham
Sydney All Nippon Airways[132] Japan Tokyo–Haneda Heathrow
Sydney Japan Airlines[133] Heathrow
Adelaide, Brisbane [note 10], Melbourne, Perth, Sydney Malaysia Airlines[135] Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Heathrow
Perth Air Mauritius[136] Mauritius Port Louis Gatwick
Adelaide, Brisbane, Melbourne, Perth, Sydney Qatar Airways[137] Qatar Doha Gatwick, Heathrow + Birmingham, Edinburgh, Manchester
Perth Qantas[138][139] Non-Stop Heathrow
Adelaide, Brisbane, Canberra, Darwin, Melbourne, Sydney Australia Perth Heathrow
Brisbane, Darwin[note 11], Melbourne, Perth, Sydney Singapore Singapore Heathrow
Sydney British Airways[141] Heathrow
Adelaide, Brisbane, Cairns, Darwin, Melbourne, Perth, Sydney Singapore Airlines[142] Gatwick,[143] Heathrow + Manchester
Melbourne, Sydney Asiana Airlines[144] South Korea Seoul–Incheon Heathrow
Brisbane, Sydney Korean Air[145] Heathrow
Melbourne, Sydney SriLankan Airlines[146] Sri Lanka Colombo Heathrow
Brisbane, Melbourne, Sydney China Airlines[147] Taiwan Taipei–Taoyuan Heathrow
Perth, Melbourne, Sydney Thai Airways[148] Thailand Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi Heathrow
Melbourne, Sydney Etihad Airways[149] United Arab Emirates Abu Dhabi Heathrow + Manchester
Adelaide, Brisbane, Melbourne, Perth, Sydney Emirates[150] United Arab Emirates Dubai Gatwick, Heathrow, Stansted + Birmingham, Edinburgh[151], Glasgow, Manchester, Newcastle
Melbourne, Sydney Vietnam Airlines[152][153] Vietnam Hanoi Heathrow
Melbourne, Perth, Sydney Vietnam Ho Chi Minh City Heathrow

Project Sunrise

[edit]

On 25 August 2017, Qantas announced Project Sunrise, aiming to fly non-stop from the East Coast of Australia (Sydney, Melbourne, and Brisbane) to London, Paris, Cape Town, Rio de Janeiro and New York City by 2022, and challenged Boeing and Airbus to create aircraft that can travel to such places without stopping.[154] Both Boeing and Airbus submitted proposals in 2019. Boeing announced some delays in the B777-8 project in August 2019 after Etihad Airways dropped orders made in 2013, but the company made it clear that it remained in contention for Project Sunrise.[155]

On 18–20 October 2019, Qantas made a 19-hour test flight QF7879 with a Boeing 787-9 from New York to Sydney.[156] The next month, Qantas operated its first 19-20 hour test flight from London to Sydney using again a Boeing 787-9.[157] Two months later, on 13 December 2019, Qantas announced that their preferred aircraft for the project was the Airbus A350-1000. The aircraft will have an additional fuel tank and slightly increased MTOW to deliver the performance required on the Project Sunrise routes. Qantas stated they were working with Airbus to order up to 12 aircraft, with the final decision expected within 2020.[158]

On 5 May 2020, Qantas Group CEO Alan Joyce announced that Project Sunrise would be put on hold due to the impact of COVID-19 on global travel.[159] Qantas would review its project at the end of 2021, towards a 2024 start of the 21-hour flights, meaning a delay of one year.[160]

On 2 May 2022, Qantas placed a formal order for 12 Airbus A350-1000 aircraft for Project Sunrise flights to commence in "late 2025" between its first two routes: Sydney to London, and Sydney to New York.[106][161] The 238 seats will be split into 6 first class suites (three-abreast), 52 business class suites (four-abreast), 40 premium economy seats at 40″ pitch (eight-abreast) and 140 economy class seats at 33″ pitch (nine-abreast).[162] Qantas expects these ultra-long-haul flights to drive an annual earnings increase of A$400 million ($261 million) in the first full year with all 12 aircraft in service.[163]

In February 2024, Qantas announced that due to manufacturing delays (which were blamed on a regulator-required fuel tank redesign[164]), delivery of the A350-1000 aircraft would be delayed by six months, thus delaying the launch of the first project Sunrise flights until mid-2026.[165][166] The third centre fuel tank was certified by June 2024; deliveries were then expected from the third quarter of 2026.[167]

Throughout the summer of 2024, Qantas announced more details regarding its development of Project Sunrise. News publications revealed features such as "Wellness Zone" that would be available for passengers onboard as a "stretch and movement space" in order to mitigate jetlag. Additionally, "fast and free" Wi-Fi onboard was promised.[168]

In literature

[edit]

The book Beyond the Blue Horizon by travel correspondent Alexander Frater documents the author's attempt to fly all the sectors on the original 1935 Imperial/Qantas London-Brisbane route in 1984.

See also

[edit]
  • Southern Cross Route – the Kangaroo Route's counterpart traveling via the Western Hemisphere
  • Wallaby Route - Route launched by Qantas in 1952 connecting Sydney to Johannesburg
  • Fiesta Route - Qantas' route that existed from 1964-1975 connecting Sydney to London via Fiji, Tahiti, Acapulco, Mexico City, The Bahamas, and Bermuda.[169][170]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ (begins Dec 14, 2024)[113]
  2. ^ (begins Dec 13, 2024)[114]
  3. ^ (begins Dec 11, 2024)[117]
  4. ^ (begins Nov 28, 2024)[118]
  5. ^ (begins Jan 24, 2025)[123]
  6. ^ (begins Dec 19, 2024)[125]
  7. ^ (begins Dec 19, 2024)[126]
  8. ^ (begins Jan 2, 2025)
  9. ^ (begins Dec 17, 2024)
  10. ^ (begins Mar 15, 2025)[134]
  11. ^ (begins Mar 30, 2025)[140]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "About Qantas – Our Company – History – Constellations Span the World". Qantas. Archived from the original on 10 December 2007. Retrieved 10 January 2008.
  2. ^ "The Qantas Story — 25 Years of Progress". Longreach Leader. 10 December 1947. Retrieved 14 March 2023.
  3. ^ Gunn, John (1987). Challenging Horizons: Qantas 1939-1954. john gunn. ISBN 978-0-7022-2017-3.
  4. ^ a b "Trade Mark Details for Trade Mark 330928". Australian Government - IP Australia. Retrieved 17 January 2023.
  5. ^ "Qantas statement on Virgin Atlantic Airways becoming 21st carrier on the Kangaroo Route" (Press release). Qantas. 28 November 2003. Archived from the original on 17 July 2006.
  6. ^ "London to Perth: Everything you need to know about the first non-stop flights from Britain to Australia". The Telegraph. Retrieved 30 December 2017.
  7. ^ "Qantas confirms non-stop Perth-UK flight". The West Australian. 11 December 2016. Retrieved 20 February 2023.
  8. ^ "Our Logos". Qantas. Retrieved 14 March 2023.
  9. ^ a b "QANTAS EMPIRE AIRWAYS CHRONOLOGICAL HISTORY". Cloncurry Advocate. 30 May 1947. Retrieved 14 March 2023.
  10. ^ Gunn, John (1985). The Defeat of Distance: Qantas 1919-1939. john gunn. p. 190. ISBN 978-0-7022-1707-4.
  11. ^ Brogden, Stanley, ed. (1949). Australian Aviation Annual. p. 59.
  12. ^ Crouch, Wallace (2 July 1976). "None of their aircraft was missing". The Sydney Morning Herald. p. 7. Retrieved 14 March 2023.
  13. ^ "Qantas to Celebrate Kangaroo Logo Anniversary with Retro Livery". Qantas. Retrieved 14 March 2023.
  14. ^ "Kangaroo Service". Daily News. 25 June 1945. Retrieved 14 March 2023.
  15. ^ "96 Years in the making, Qantas Livery throughout the ages" (PDF). Qantas. 1 October 2016. Retrieved 14 March 2023.
  16. ^ Eames, Jim (14 December 2017). "Double sunrise: How Qantas preserved vital link to Britain during World War II". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 14 March 2023.
  17. ^ "WORLD'S LONGEST AIR HOP TO BE "KANGAROO SERVICE"". Argus. 7 August 1944. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  18. ^ "QANTAS Airways Ltd v Danniel Amadio [2011] ATMO 84 - BarNet Jade". jade.io. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  19. ^ "NON-STOP AIR SERVICE". Daily Commercial News and Shipping List. 7 August 1944. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  20. ^ "Thirty Years of Qantas". Flightglobal. 16 November 1950. p. 437. Archived from the original on 7 March 2018. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  21. ^ Gunn, John (1987). Challenging Horizons: Qantas 1939-1954. john gunn. p. 143. ISBN 978-0-7022-2017-3.
  22. ^ "SYDNEY-LONDON IN 72 HOURS". Advocate. 19 September 1944. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  23. ^ The Longest Hop - Qantas' Kangaroo Route, retrieved 13 March 2023
  24. ^ Robinson, Dean (April 2020). "SOUTH AUSTRALIAN AVIATION MUSEUM - SIGNIFICANT AIRCRAFT PROFILES: QEA EMPIRE FLYING BOATS" (PDF). South Australian Aviation Museum History Group.
  25. ^ "Explore our past: 1930 – 1939". British Airways. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
  26. ^ "Venturing Overseas". Qantas.com.au. Retrieved 24 October 2012.
  27. ^ "Imperial Airways timetable, 1935". Timetable Images. Retrieved 27 August 2020.
  28. ^ "Imperial Airways route map, 1935". Timetable Images. Retrieved 27 August 2020.
  29. ^ Watson, Captain Dacre. "British Overseas Airways Corporation 1940-1950 and It's Legacy" (PDF). Journal of Aeronautical History. 2013/03: 144.
  30. ^ a b c d e Wilson, John (February 2009). "Report on the Progress of Civil Aviation 1939-1945" (PDF). The Great Britain Philatelic Society. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
  31. ^ Madden, Phillip (2018). The Flying Boat Era: Its Role as a Catalyst in the Development of Aviation and Social History in Australia (PDF). Griffith University. pp. 80–81.
  32. ^ a b "EMPIRE AIR SERVICES". Sydney Morning Herald. 13 June 1940. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
  33. ^ "Empire Air Line Change". Daily Telegraph. 19 June 1940. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
  34. ^ "End of Horseshoe Route". www.nzstamps.org.uk. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
  35. ^ "Australia aka Guba Flying Boat Flight". Pathé Gazette (British Pathé). 1939. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
  36. ^ "BOAC General Reports on Services 1941-1945" (PDF). Air-Britain.com. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
  37. ^ a b Senior, Rex. "The Double Sunrise Service" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 April 2014. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
  38. ^ "Qantas to Celebrate Kangaroo Logo Anniversary with Retro Livery". Qantas. 8 October 2014. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
  39. ^ "Front Line Airline 1939-1945". Qantas.com. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
  40. ^ "NEWS OF THE DAY". Age. 25 August 1945. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
  41. ^ "COLOMBO AIR SERVICE". Advocate. 30 November 1945. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
  42. ^ "From London By Air In 70 Hours". Sydney Morning Herald. 2 June 1945. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
  43. ^ "To Singapore By Air - Service Resumed". The Sydney Morning Herald. 8 April 1946. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
  44. ^ "DARWIN BACK AS AIR GATEWAY". Courier-Mail. 19 February 1946. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
  45. ^ "Singapore Air Route Reopened". Newcastle Morning Herald and Miners' Advocate. 4 April 1946. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
  46. ^ "New Sydney-London Link Completed By Constellation". Sydney Morning Herald. 8 December 1947. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
  47. ^ Creedy, Steve (30 November 2007). "Qantas' Kangaroo route 60th birthday". news.com.au. Archived from the original on 1 December 2007. Retrieved 10 January 2008.
  48. ^ "1955: QANTAS Network".
  49. ^ "Qantas Timetable (effective 1 June 1961)". Timetable Images. 1 June 1961. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
  50. ^ "1974: QANTAS Network".
  51. ^ One stop to London Freight & Container Transportation April 1974 page 3
  52. ^ Transport, Australia Dept of (1973). Australian Transport. Australian Government Pub. Service. p. 28.
  53. ^ "Top-secret London-to-Sydney flight broke a record and made aviation history". ABC News. 16 August 2019. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
  54. ^ "Boeing Aircraft Take Qantas Further". Qantas Airways Limited. Retrieved 30 October 2012.
  55. ^ "Qantas Commences A380 Services to Singapore and the UK". Qantas News Room. 16 January 2009. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  56. ^ "QANTAS and Emirates". QANTAS. Archived from the original on 18 January 2013. Retrieved 9 September 2012. Our Asian services will no longer be a subsidiary of the 'Kangaroo Route', they will be dedicated to connecting Australians with our region, and Asian visitors to Australia.
  57. ^ Flynn, David (17 April 2013). "Qantas bids farewell to Frankfurt". Australian Business Traveller. Retrieved 26 March 2018.
  58. ^ "QANTAS AND EMIRATES TO EXTEND PARTNERSHIP". Qantas News Room. 31 August 2017. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  59. ^ "Qantas Reroutes London Flights Through Singapore". Qantas Travel Insider. 1 September 2017. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  60. ^ Taylor, Ellis (26 March 2019). "Qantas hails successful first year of Perth-London flights". flightglobal.com. Retrieved 1 October 2019.
  61. ^ "QANTAS FLIGHTS FROM AUSTRALIA DIRECT TO ROME TAKE OFF". Qantas. 25 June 2022. Retrieved 25 November 2022.
  62. ^ "What to expect from Qantas' non-stop flights to Paris - Executive Traveller". www.executivetraveller.com. 3 July 2024. Retrieved 11 July 2024.
  63. ^ "Qantas to fly first non-stop route from Darwin to Heathrow to return stranded Brits to UK amid coronavirus crisis". ITV News. 25 March 2020. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  64. ^ O'Hare, Maureen (25 March 2020). "Qantas A380 makes historic direct flight from Australia to London". CNN. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  65. ^ "QANTAS TO FLY KANGAROO ROUTE TO LONDON VIA DARWIN". Qantas.com. 8 October 2021. Retrieved 25 November 2022.
  66. ^ "Qantas to resume Perth-London flights on May 23 - Executive Traveller". www.executivetraveller.com. 4 May 2022. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  67. ^ a b "Imperial Airways Timetable 1935". Timetableimages.com. 1935. Retrieved 20 February 2023.
  68. ^ a b "Imperial Airways Timetable 1935". Timetableimages.com. 1935. Retrieved 20 February 2023.
  69. ^ Lady Mountbatten's Diary (PDF). Vol. 13, Jan-Jun 1935. 1935. pp. 107–118. A Passenger on part (Charleville-Brindisi) of the first Kangaroo Route flight
  70. ^ "Imperial Airways Map of Empire & European Air Routes". www.davidrumsey.com. Retrieved 2 March 2023.
  71. ^ "Vintage Maps Rekindle the Romance of Early Air Travel", National Geographic, 23 December 2016, retrieved 7 March 2023, Image 5 of 10 shows Brisbane to London service as of April 1, 1935 (sans labels)
  72. ^ Jarvis, Paul (15 April 2016). Mapping the Airways. Amberley Publishing Limited. ISBN 978-1-4456-5465-2.
  73. ^ a b "Qantas Empire Airways Timetable". Timetableimages.com. 11 November 1937. Retrieved 20 February 2023.
  74. ^ a b "A look back at air travel as Qantas' non-stop flight to London leaves Perth | Express Digest". 24 March 2018. Retrieved 6 March 2023.
  75. ^ Statistics, c=AU; o=Commonwealth of Australia; ou=Australian Bureau of (7 May 1986). "Feature Article - QANTAS Serves Australia - From the Queensland Outback to the World (Feature Article)". www.abs.gov.au. Retrieved 6 March 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  76. ^ "31 stops, fares from £10,834 and sandwiches courtesy of the co-pilot – the first flight from Britain to Australia". 4 January 2023. Archived from the original on 4 January 2023. Retrieved 2 March 2023.
  77. ^ "Imperial Airways Timetable July 1937". Timetableimages.com. 1937. Retrieved 20 February 2023.
  78. ^ a b "Qantas Empire Airways Timetable". Timetableimages.com. 1 October 1938. Retrieved 20 February 2023.
  79. ^ a b c d e The Longest Hop - Qantas' Kangaroo Route, 30 November 2007, retrieved 3 March 2023
  80. ^ a b "Sydney Seaplanes". Sydney Seaplanes. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  81. ^ "Imperial Airways Summer Timetable 1938". TimeTableImages.com. 16 August 1938. Retrieved 20 February 2023.
  82. ^ "Flying Boats at War". www.woollahra.nsw.gov.au. Woollahra Municipal Council. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  83. ^ a b c "Kangaroo Service Air Timetable". Timetableimages.com. 1 September 1948. p. 2. Retrieved 20 February 2023.
  84. ^ "AVIATION NEWS". Daily Commercial News and Shipping List. 3 December 1947. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  85. ^ "Qantas celebrates 60th anniversary of "kangaroo route"". Business Traveller. Retrieved 6 March 2023.
  86. ^ Qantas celebrates 80 years of international services, retrieved 2 March 2023
  87. ^ a b "QANTAS Timetable 1955". Timetableimages.com. 1 November 1955. p. 4. Retrieved 20 February 2023.
  88. ^ a b c d Yeoman, Ian; McMahon-Beattie, Una (6 December 2019). The Future Past of Tourism: Historical Perspectives and Future Evolutions. Channel View Publications. ISBN 978-1-84541-709-3.
  89. ^ a b Rimmer, Peter J. (2005). "Australia Through the Prism of Qantas: Distance Makes a Comeback" (PDF). The Otemon Journal of Australian Studies. 31: 145 – via i-repository.
  90. ^ a b "QANTAS Timetable 1959". Timetableimages.com. 6 November 1959. p. 4. Retrieved 20 February 2023.
  91. ^ a b "QANTAS Timetable 1965". Timetableimages.com. 1 July 1965. p. 4. Retrieved 20 February 2023.
  92. ^ a b LondonAirTravel (1 May 2022). "The History Of Flight Between The UK and Australia From 1935 Onwards". London Air Travel. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  93. ^ "Shortest Air Route between London and Sydney, 1955 – 2025 | The Geography of Transport Systems". 5 January 2018. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  94. ^ "Australia and U.S. Seek to Protect Airlines in Dispute Over Commercial Flights". The New York Times. 15 August 1971. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  95. ^ LondonAirTravel (12 November 2020). "How Qantas Boeing 747 Aircraft Transformed Flying To Australia". London Air Travel. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  96. ^ "Boeing 747-200 · The Encyclopedia of Aircraft David C. Eyre". Aeropedia. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  97. ^ "Boeing 747-200 · The Encyclopedia of Aircraft David C. Eyre". Aeropedia. Retrieved 2 March 2023.
  98. ^ "Qantas retires its very first Boeing 747-400 - Executive Traveller". www.executivetraveller.com. 21 November 2014. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  99. ^ Creedy, Steve (30 November 2007). "Qantas' Kangaroo route 60th birthday". News.com.au. Archived from the original on 1 December 2007. Retrieved 20 February 2023.
  100. ^ Qantas and Emirates Partnership, retrieved 2 March 2023
  101. ^ a b "Qantas presses ahead with post-Emirates European & Asian restructure as competitors show no leniency". CAPA - Centre for Aviation. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  102. ^ "Qantas and Emirates announce "global partnership" replacing BA joint venture". ch-aviation. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  103. ^ "Qantas receives first reconfigured A380". Australian Aviation. Sydney: Momentum Media. Retrieved 2 March 2023.
  104. ^ "QANTAS opens Perth – London bookings for March 2018 launch". Routes. Retrieved 2 March 2023.
  105. ^ Spotters, Sebastián Polito-Vuelos y (23 May 2022). "Qantas resumes flights between Perth and London". Aviacionline.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  106. ^ a b "Project Sunrise". Sydney: Qantas. Retrieved 29 January 2024.
  107. ^ "Qantas promises direct flights from Sydney to London and New York". BBC News. London. 2 May 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  108. ^ "Qantas Flew Non-stop from London to Sydney in Less Than 20 Hours" (Press release). Sydney: Qantas. 15 November 2019. Retrieved 20 February 2023.
  109. ^ Graham, Matt (2 May 2022). "Qantas Reveals Ultra-Long Range Airbus A350-1000 Seats". Australian Frequent Flyer. Melbourne. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  110. ^ LondonAirTravel (9 August 2019). "A History Of Imperial Airways, BOAC And British Airways In Australia". London Air Travel. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  111. ^ "Flights from London Heathrow to Sydney". Flight connections.
  112. ^ "Direct nonstop flights (Operated by CA from GB-AUS)". FlightsFrom. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  113. ^ "China Southern Schedules Beijing – Australia Seasonal Service in NW24". AeroRoutes. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
  114. ^ "China Southern Schedules Beijing – Australia Seasonal Service in NW24". AeroRoutes. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
  115. ^ "Direct nonstop flights (Operated by CZ from GB-AUS)". FlightsFrom. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  116. ^ "Direct nonstop flights (Operated by CZ from GB-AUS via PKX)". FlightsFrom. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
  117. ^ "China Southern Resumes Adelaide Service From Dec 2024". AeroRoutes. Retrieved 16 September 2024.
  118. ^ "China Southern Resumes Guangzhou – Perth Service in NW24". AeroRoutes. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
  119. ^ "China Southern Adds Guangzhou – London Gatwick From late-June 2024". AeroRoutes. Retrieved 26 January 2024.
  120. ^ "Flights operated by GS between UK and Australia". FlightsFrom. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  121. ^ "Tianjin Airlines Adds Chongqing – Sydney From late-Nov 2023". AeroRoutes. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  122. ^ "Direct nonstop flights (Operated by JD from GB-AUS)". FlightsFrom. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
  123. ^ "China Eastern 1Q25 Perth Operations". AeroRoutes. Retrieved 2 September 2024.
  124. ^ "Direct nonstop flights (Operated by MU from GB-AUS)". FlightsFrom. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  125. ^ "Juneyao Airlines Plans Melbourne / Sydney late-Dec 2024 Launch". AeroRoutes. Retrieved 2 September 2024.
  126. ^ "Juneyao Airlines Plans Melbourne / Sydney late-Dec 2024 Launch". AeroRoutes. Retrieved 2 September 2024.
  127. ^ "Direct nonstop flights (Operated by HO from GB-AUS)". FlightsFrom. Retrieved 2 September 2024.
  128. ^ "Direct nonstop flights (Operated by CX from GB-AUS)". FlightsFrom. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  129. ^ "Direct nonstop flights (Operated by AI from GB-AUS)". FlightsFrom. Retrieved 18 December 2023.
  130. ^ "Air India Schedules Mumbai – Melbourne Launch in Dec 2023". AeroRoutes. Retrieved 18 December 2023.
  131. ^ "Direct nonstop flights (Operated by AI from GB-AUS)". FlightsFrom. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  132. ^ "Direct nonstop flights (Operated by NH from GB-AUS)". FlightsFrom. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  133. ^ "Direct nonstop flights (Operated by JL from GB-AUS)". FlightsFrom. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
  134. ^ "Malaysia Airline Resumes Brisbane Service in March 2025". AeroRoutes.
  135. ^ "Direct nonstop flights (Operated by MH from GB-AUS)". FlightsFrom. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  136. ^ "Direct nonstop flights (Operated by MK from GB-AUS)". FlightsFrom. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  137. ^ "Direct nonstop flights (Operated by QR from GB-AUS)". FlightsFrom. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  138. ^ "Direct nonstop flights (Operated by QF from GB-AUS)". FlightsFrom. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  139. ^ "Direct nonstop flights (Operated by QF from GB-AUS)". FlightsFrom. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  140. ^ "International Flight Network - To and from Darwin". Qantas.com. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
  141. ^ "Direct nonstop flights (Operated by BA from GB-AUS)". FlightsFrom. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  142. ^ "Direct nonstop flights (Operated by SQ from GB-AUS)". FlightsFrom. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  143. ^ "SQ Press Release".
  144. ^ "Direct nonstop flights (Operated by OZfrom GB-AUS)". FlightsFrom. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  145. ^ "Direct nonstop flights (Operated by KE from GB-AUS)". FlightsFrom. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  146. ^ "Direct nonstop flights (Operated by UL from GB-AUS)". FlightsFrom. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  147. ^ "Direct nonstop flights (Operated by CI from GB-AUS)". FlightsFrom. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  148. ^ "Direct nonstop flights (Operated by TG from GB-AUS)". FlightsFrom. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  149. ^ "Direct nonstop flights (Operated by EY from GB-AUS)". FlightsFrom. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  150. ^ "Direct nonstop flights (Operated by EK from GB-AUS)". FlightsFrom. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  151. ^ "Emirates returns to Edinburgh with a daily service". Emirates returns to Edinburgh with a daily service. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  152. ^ "Direct nonstop flights (Operated by VN from GB-AUS)". FlightsFrom. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  153. ^ "Direct nonstop flights (Operated by VN from GB-AUS)". FlightsFrom. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  154. ^ "New opportunities for direct routes" (PDF). Qantas. 25 August 2017. Retrieved 26 March 2018.
  155. ^ Kaminski-Morrow, David (15 August 2019). "Boeing aims to remain in Qantas 'Project Sunrise' contest". Flightglobal.
  156. ^ "Qantas 19 hour test flight". 19 October 2019.
  157. ^ "Experimental Qantas ultra-long-haul London to Sydney flight takes off". edition.cnn.com. 14 November 2019. Retrieved 15 November 2019.
  158. ^ "Qantas Update on Project Sunrise" (Press release). Sydney: Qantas. 13 December 2019. Retrieved 13 December 2019.
  159. ^ "Coronavirus puts Qantas Project Sunrise on hold". Executive Traveller. 5 May 2020. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
  160. ^ Lewis Harper (2 February 2021). "Qantas could launch Project Sunrise flights in 2024". Flightglobal.
  161. ^ "Qantas group announces major aircraft order to shape its future" (Press release). Sydney: Qantas. 2 May 2022.
  162. ^ "Airbus A350–1000 Fact sheet" (PDF). Sydney: Qantas. May 2022.
  163. ^ Chua, Alfred (30 May 2023). "Qantas bets on Project Sunrise, international network in long-term earnings target". Flight Global.
  164. ^ Goh, Brenda; Menon, Praveen (23 February 2024). "Airbus says Qantas A350 delivery delays due to need to redesign extra fuel tank". Reuters. Sydney.
  165. ^ "Qantas Group Profit in 1H24 Supports Continued Investment in Customers" (Press release). Sydney: Qantas. 22 February 2024.
  166. ^ "Qantas expecting Project Sunrise delays over A350s". ch-aviation. 27 February 2024.
  167. ^ Lewis Harper (4 June 2024). "Qantas confirms certification of extra fuel tank for 'Project Sunrise' A350-1000". Flight Global.
  168. ^ "London-Sydney direct flights a step closer as Qantas reveals 'anti-jet lag' measures". The Independent. 17 June 2023.
  169. ^ LondonAirTravel (1 May 2022). "The History Of Flight Between The UK and Australia From 1935 Onwards". London Air Travel. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  170. ^ "Quiz: Beach Boys Lyric or Qantas Route?". Qantas. 16 April 2019. Retrieved 25 November 2022.

Further reading

[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kangaroo_Route&oldid=1258119369"